Formula | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
BMI | Body Mass Index | BMI = weight (kg) / height (m). ^2 |
GFR | Glomerular Filtration Rate | GFR = (140-age) x weight (kg) x (0.85 if female) / (72 x serum creatinine (mg/dL)) |
MAP | Mean Arterial Pressure | MAP = (2 x diastolic pressure + systolic pressure) / 3. |
LDL | Low-Density Lipoprotein | LDL = Total Cholesterol - HDL Cholesterol - Triglycerides/5" |
MDRD | Modification of Diet in Renal Disease | MDRD = 186 x (serum creatinine) 1.154 x (age) 0.203 x (0.742 if female) |
CHA2DS2-VASc | Stroke Risk Assessment | CHA2DS2-VASc = congestive heart failure + hypertension + age 75 + diabetes + stroke or TIA + vascular disease + age 65-74 + sex category (female) |
Formula | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
APGAR | Assessment of newborns | APGAR = Appearance + Pulse + Grimace + Activity + Respiration |
BSA | Body surface area | BSA = (height (cm) x weight (kg) x 0.0061)0.5 |
CO | Cardiac Output | CO = heart rate x stroke volume |
CURB-65 | Pneumonia Severity Assessment | CURB-65 = Confusion + Urea > 7 mmol/L + Respiratory rate 30 breaths/min + low blood pressure (systolic BP 90 or diastolic BP 60 mmHg) + Age 65 years |
MELD | Liver Disease Severity Assessment | MELD = 3.8 x ln(bilirubin [ mol/L]) + 11.2 x ln(INR) + 9.6 x ln(creatinine [ mol/L]) +6.4 (if the etiology is cholestatic or alcoholic cirrhosis) |
TIMI | Risk Assessment for Heart Attack | TIMI = Age 65 years + 3 risk factors + Known coronary artery disease + Aspirin use in the past 7 days + Severe angina + Elevated cardiac biomarkers + ST-segment deviation plus use of an invasive procedure |
Formula | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
NIHSS | Stroke Severity Assessment | NIHSS = Level of consciousness + gaze + visual fields + facial palsy + arm motor function + leg motor function + limb ataxia + sensory loss + language + Dysarthria |
P/F Ratio | Oxygenation Assessment | P/F Ratio = PaO2 (arterial oxygen pressure)/FiO2 (fraction of inspired oxygen) |
QALY | Quality-Adjusted Life Year | QALY = (years of life) x (quality of life). |
Ranson Criteria | Severity Assessment of Pancreatitis | Ranson Criteria: Age > 55 years + WBC count > 16,000/mm3 + Blood glucose > 200 mg/dL + LDH > 350 umol/L + AST > 250 umol/L |
Wells Score | Assessment of the Probability of Pulmonary Embolism | Wells Score = Clinical signs of DVT + Alternative diagnosis less likely + Heart rate > 100 bpm + Immobilization or surgery in the past 4 weeks + Previous DVT or PE + Hemoptysis + Cancer |
Formula | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
ASA Physical Status Classification | Assessment of preoperative health status | ASA score = 1 (normal, healthy patient) to 5 (moribund patient not expected to survive without the operation). |
Child-Pugh Score | Assessment of Liver Cirrhosis Severity | Child-Pugh score = bilirubin (mg/dL) + albumin (g/dL) + PT (prolonged seconds) + ascites + Hepatic encephalopathy |
Glasgow Coma Scale | Assessment of Consciousness | Glasgow Coma Scale: eye opening response + verbal response + motor response |
RIFLE Criteria | Assessment of Acute Kidney Injury | RIFLE Criteria: Risk + Injury + Failure + Loss + End-Stage Kidney Disease |
TIMI Risk Score for Unstable Angina and NSTEMI | Assessment of Heart Attack Risk | TIMI Risk Score = Age + Risk Factors + Prior Coronary Artery Disease + ST-segment deviation + Elevated Cardiac Biomarkers + Aspirin Use in the Past 7 Days |
APACHE II | severity of illness scoring system | APACHE II = Acute Physiology Score + Age Score + Chronic Health Points Score |
Formula | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
Maddrey's Discriminant Function | Assessment of Alcoholic Hepatitis Severity | Maddrey's DF = 4.6 x (patient's prothrombin time minus control prothrombin time) + serum bilirubin level (in mg/dL) |
Framingham Risk Score | Assessment of Cardiovascular Disease Risk | Framingham Risk Score = Age + Total Cholesterol + HDL Cholesterol + Systolic Blood Pressure + Smoking Status |
HEART Score | Assessment of Chest Pain and Risk of a Major Adverse Cardiac Event | HEART Score = History + ECG + Age + Risk Factors + Troponin Level |
Ranson's Criteria | Assessment of the Severity of Acute Pancreatitis | Ranson's Criteria = Age + WBC count + Blood glucose + LDH + AST + Arterial PO2 + Serum calcium + BUN + Hematocrit |
Wells Criteria | Assessment of the Probability of Deep Vein Thrombosis | Wells Criteria: Clinical signs and symptoms + Other diagnoses less likely + Heart rate + Immobilization or surgery in the past 4 weeks + Previous DVT or PE + Hemoptysis + malignancy |
Again, these are just a few examples and are not exhaustive. They should not be used to diagnose or treat any medical condition without first consulting a physician.
References
BMI: World Health Organization. (2000). Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation (WHO Technical Report Series, No. 894). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
GFR: Levey, A. S., Bosch, J. P., Lewis, J. B., Greene, T., Rogers, N., & Roth, D. (1999). A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: A new prediction equation. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. Annals of Internal Medicine, 130(6), 461-470.
MAP: American Heart Association. (2022). Mean arterial pressure (MAP). Retrieved from https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/the-facts-about-high-blood-pressure/mean-arterial-pressure-map
LDL: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (2021). How to interpret your cholesterol test results. Retrieved from https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/how-to-interpret-your-cholesterol-test-results
MDRD: Levey, A. S., Coresh, J., Greene, T., Stevens, L. A., Zhang, Y. L., Hendriksen, S., ... & Van Lente, F. (2006). Using standardized serum creatinine values in the modification of diet in renal disease study equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate. Annals of Internal Medicine, 145(4), 247-254.
CHA2DS2-VASc: Lip, G. Y. H., Nieuwlaat, R., Pisters, R., Lane, D. A., & Crijns, H. J. G. M. (2010). Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach: The euro heart survey on atrial fibrillation. Chest, 137(2), 263-272.
APGAR: American Academy of Pediatrics and American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2015). Guidelines for perinatal care (7th ed.). Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics.
BSA: Mosteller, R. D. (1987). Simplified calculation of body-surface area. New England Journal of Medicine, 317(17), 1098.
CO: American Heart Association. (2022). Cardiac output. Retrieved from https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/diagnosing-a-heart-attack/cardiac-output
CURB-65: Lim, W. S., van der Eerden, M. M., Laing, R., Boersma, W. G., Karalus, N., Town, G. I., ... & Macfarlane, J. T. (2003). Defining community acquired pneumonia severity on presentation to hospital: An international derivation and validation study. Thorax, 58(5), 377-382.
MELD: Kamath, P. S., Wiesner, R. H., Malinchoc, M., Kremers, W., Therneau, T. M., Kosberg, C. L., & D'Amico, G. (2001). A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease. Hepatology, 33(2), 464-470.
- TIMI: Antman, E. M., Cohen, M., Bernink, P. J., McCabe, C.P., Horacek, T., Papuchis, G., ... & Braunwald, E. (2000). The TIMI risk score for unstable angina/non-ST elevation MI: A method for prognostication and therapeutic decision making. Journal of the American Medical Association, 284(7), 835-842
- NIHSS: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (2022). The NIH stroke scale. Retrieved from https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/National-Institutes-Health-Stroke-Scale
- P/F Ratio: Wheeler, A. P., & Bernard, G. R. (2007). Acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome: A clinical review. Lancet, 369(9572), 1553-1564.
- QALY: Drummond, M. F., Sculpher, M. J., Torrance, G. W., O'Brien, B. J., & Stoddart, G. L. (2005). Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes (3rd ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
- Ranson Criteria: Ranson, J. H., Rifkind, K. M., Roses, D. F., Fink, S. D., Eng, K., & Spencer, F. C. (1974). Prognostic signs and the role of operative management in acute pancreatitis. Surgery, 75(2), 207-216.
- Wells Score: Wells, P. S., Anderson, D. R., Bormanis, J., Guy, F., Mitchell, M., Gray, L., & Kovacs, M. J. (1997). Value of assessment of pretest probability of deep-vein thrombosis in clinical management. Lancet, 350(9094), 1795-1798.
- ASA Physical Status Classification: American Society of Anesthesiologists. (2014). ASA physical status classification system. Retrieved from https://www.asahq.org/standards-and-guidelines/asa-physical-status-classification-system
- Child-Pugh Score: Pugh, R. N., Murray-Lyon, I. M., Dawson, J. L., Pietroni, M. C., & Williams, R. (1973). Transection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varices. British Journal of Surgery, 60(8), 646-649.
- Glasgow Coma Scale: Teasdale, G., & Jennett, B. (1974). Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. A practical scale. Lancet, 2(7872), 81-84.
- RIFLE Criteria: Bellomo, R., Ronco, C., & Kellum, J. A. (2007). Acute kidney injury. Lancet, 370(9604), 756-766.
- TIMI Risk Score for Unstable Angina and NSTEMI: Morrow, D. A., Antman, E. M., Charlesworth, A., Cairns, R., Murphy, S. A., de Lemos, J. A., ... & Braunwald, E. (2000). TIMI risk score for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: A convenient, bedside, clinical score for risk assessment at presentation: An intravenous nPA for treatment of infarcting myocardium early II trial substudy. Circulation, 102(17), 2031-2037.
- Maddrey's Discriminant Function: Maddrey, W. C., Boitnott, J. K., Bedine, M. S., Weber, F. L., & Mezey, E. (1978). Corticosteroid therapy of alcoholic hepatitis. Gastroenterology, 75(2), 193-199.
- Framingham Risk Score: Wilson, P. W., D'Agostino, R. B., Levy, D., Belanger, A. M., Silbershatz, H., & Kannel, W. B. (1998). Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation, 97(18), 1837-1847.
- HEART Score: Backus, B. E., Six, A. J., Kelder, J. C., Bosschaert, M. A., Mast, E. G., Mosterd, A., ... & Doevendans, P. A. (2013). A prospective validation of the HEART score for chest pain patients at the emergency department. International Journal of Cardiology, 168(3), 2153-2158.
- Ranson's Criteria: Ranson, J. H., Rifkind, K. M., Roses, D. F., Fink, S. D., Eng, K., & Spencer, F. C. (1974). Prognostic signs and the role of operative management in acute pancreatitis. Surgery, 75(2), 207-216.
- Wells Criteria: Wells, P. S., Anderson, D. R., Bormanis, J., Guy, F., Mitchell, M., Gray, L., & Kovacs, M. J. (1997). Value of assessment of pretest probability of deep-vein thrombosis in clinical management. Lancet, 350(9094), 1795-1798.
- APACHE II: Knaus, W. A., Draper, E. A., Wagner, D. P., & Zimmerman, J. E. (1985). APACHE II: A severity of disease classification system. Critical Care Medicine, 13(10), 818-829.
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